THIS week is international refugee week. In 2003 there were over 10 million refugees worldwide.

The main source of those refugees were the countries of Afghanistan, Burundi and Sudan. Contrary to popular belief, it is neighbouring countries that house the greatest numbers of refugees, often third world countries themselves.

Generally, only those with significant resources manage to reach developed countries - often single men under 40 - while worldwide, most refugees are women.

Many of the poorest and most troubled countries accommodate huge numbers of internally displaced people - the UN estimate a further 21 million.

East Lancashire has a small community of refugees who have successfully applied for protection and have settled here, and a few hundred asylum seekers.

A key health issue for many asylum seekers and refugees is poor mental health and emotional well-being.

Their experiences, coupled with loneliness and social isolation in this country, can be hard to bear.

Reducing isolation and dependence, having suitable accommodation, and spending time usefully, learning the local language and other key skills, can often do much to relieve depression and anxiety.

Recent research emphasises the importance of contact both with people of similar background and experience, and with local people, which can often be achieved through community groups and befriending schemes.

Art-related projects, including acting, music, writing and poetry may be helpful in combating isolation, improving communication and self-esteem, strengthening identity and belonging.

For a child in exile, the most positive development is to become part of the local school community, to learn and to make friends. Schools need to be aware of the vital role they can play, as well as the dangers of bullying or racial abuse.

Local initiatives in Blackburn with Darwen include two projects aimed at befriending; a weekly drop-in centre; English classes at St Mary's College; and a project which sees refugees speaking about their experiences to community groups and schools.

There is a multi agency forum in the borough made up of representatives from agencies including health and the Council. Further details about the forum from the Council's asylum support team on 01254 587296.