Traffic and shopping resumed in Urumqi today after days of ethnic violence in the western city killed at least 156 people.

China's alarmed leaders have vowed to punish those behind the attacks.

The hundreds of troops that had camped out in the central part of the Xinjiang capital were gone, but paramilitary police still guarded the People's Square.

Crowds of Han Chinese, China's dominant ethnic group, cheered as trucks full of police and covered in banners reading "We must defeat the terrorists" rumbled by.

The region's worst ethnic violence in decades has already forced President Hu Jintao to cut short a trip to Italy, where he was to hold talks with US president Barack Obama.

It was an embarrassing move for a leader who wants to show that China has a harmonious society as it prepares to celebrate the 60th anniversary of communist rule in October.